寰椎不对称性的解剖学研究及临床意义*

关键词：寰椎  不对称性  触诊  手法  解剖

Keywords:atlas  asymmetry  palpation  manipulation  anatomy

摘要：

      目的：研究成人寰椎不对称性的发生情况，为临床诊治提供解剖形态学基础。方法：应用带有纵横坐标系的测量板，对100例成人干燥寰椎骨骼标本双侧横突、寰椎后弓的左右半、前后结节和椎孔的不对称性进行观测。结果：100例寰椎标本左右横突在横轴上偏歪者15例（15％）、前后结节在纵轴上不对称者5例（5％）、左右后弓不对称者10例（10％）、椎孔不对称者11例（11％）。结论：寰椎不对称者占有相当的比例，临床触诊时不应将此正常的解剖学变异视为异常，更不能将此作为某些疾病的征象及确诊依据。

Abstract:

      Objective: To study the asymmetry of adult atlas and to probe its implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Method: The asymmetries of 100 dry atlases samples (including both transverse processes, left and right posterior arches of atlases, anterior and posterior tubercles and vertebral foramens) were observed and measured by using metered plate with coordinate system. Result: For all of the 100 atlases samples, in 15 samples(15％) there were skew transverse processes in abscissa axis, in 5 samples(5％) asymmetry of anterior and posterior tubercles in longitudinal axis, in 10 samples(10％) asymmetry of left and right posterior arches of atlases, in 11 samples(11％) asymmetry of vertebral foramens. Conclusion: The asymmetries of atlases were relatively common anatomic variation. This should be considered neither abnormalities nor signs of some diseases and criterion of final diagnosis in clinical palpation.