不同出生体重脑瘫高危儿婴儿期粗大与精细运动技能发育特征及其相关性研究

关键词：高危儿  出生体重  粗大运动技能  精细运动技能  Peabody运动发育量表

Keywords:high risk infant  birth weight  gross motor skill  fine motor skill  Peabody developmental motor scale

摘要：

      目的: 了解不同出生体重脑瘫高危儿婴儿期粗大与精细运动技能发育的结构特征及其相关性。方法: 以接受Peabody运动发育量表中的粗大运动（GM）和精细运动（FM）技能评估量表评定的522例年龄小于1岁的脑瘫高危儿为研究对象，通过多变量方差分析和t检验确定不同出生体重脑瘫高危儿婴儿期运动技能发育的结构特征，采用Pearson相关分析比较其相关程度。结果: 不同出生体重组别间患儿GM、FM各项原始分和标准分值比较，差异均无显著性意义（P>0.05）。患儿的姿势、移动、抓握、视觉-运动整合项标准分值均明显低于反射项（t值分别为23.82、32.27、37.06、26.92，P<0.001）。不同出生体重组别患儿反射、姿势和移动项标准分值与FM分值具有良好相关性（r=0.39-0.85，P<0.01），且抓握、视觉-运动整合项标准分值与GM分值也有良好相关性（r=0.55-0.85，P<0.01）。结论：不同出生体重脑瘫高危儿的反射发育明显好于姿势、移动、抓握、视觉-运动整合发育，其粗大运动与精细运动技能发育存在良好的相关性。

Abstract:

      Objective： To study the characteristics and correlation between gross motor and fine motor skills developments in different birth weight infants with high risk of potential cerebral palsy. Method：A total of 522 less than one year old infants with high risk of potential cerebral palsy were assessed with gross motor (GM) and fine motor (FM) skill scales in Peabody developmental motor scale. The characteristics of motor skill development were defined by multivariate analyses and t tests, and the correlation between GM (reflex, posture, locomotion) and FM (grasping, visual-motor integration) standard scores was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. Result： In all the different birth weight infants with high risk of potential cerebral palsy, the standard scores of posture, locomotion, grasping and visual-motor integration were lower than those of reflex(P<0.001). There was excellent correlation between reflex, posture, locomotion and FM(P<0.01), and between grasping, visual-motor integration and GM(P<0.01) in different birth weight infants. Conclusion： Reflex develops better than posture, locomotion, grasping and visual-motor integration in high risk infants with potential cerebral palsy of different birth weight. Development of gross motor skill is closely related to fine motor skill.