不同形式的抗阻训练对轻度高血压患者血压的短时及阶段性效应观察

关键词：抗阻训练  高血压  收缩压  舒张压

Keywords:resistance training  hypertension  systolic blood pressure  diastolic blood pressure

摘要：

      摘要 目的：观察循环抗阻及等长抗阻训练对轻度高血压患者收缩压和舒张压的短时及阶段性影响。 方法：将57例轻度原发性高血压患者随机分为循环抗阻训练（CRT）组（28例）和等长抗阻训练（IRT）组（29例），两组患者分别进行3个阶段的循环抗阻训练和等长抗阻训练，在每阶段训练前均用抗阻训练器械测定1次最大重复（1RM）负荷量，并以上肢30%1RM，下肢50%1RM的运动强度进行训练，每次训练20min，每周3次，每阶段4周，共12周，记录每次训练前15min、训练结束时和训练结束后15min、30min、60min的收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）。 结果：训练开始前3天，两组患者SBP、DBP平均值并无显著差异（P＞0.05），训练中，CRT组各阶段SBP短时效应呈现运动结束后逐渐下降趋势；IRT组各阶段SBP短时效应呈现运动结束时上升，运动结束后逐渐下降趋势；两组患者的DBP短时效应均呈现运动结束时上升，运动结束后逐渐下降趋势，同时在3个阶段中各时段的SBP和DBP均呈下降趋势，且在第三阶段训练中，IRT组患者训练前15min及训练后30min的SBP明显低于CRT组，差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）；尽管两组患者第三阶段训练中的DBP与训练前和训练第1阶段相比差异具有显著性（P＜0.05），但两组间比较差异并不显著（P＞0.05）。 结论：循环抗阻及等长抗阻训练在训练后短时间内及阶段性训练后，均能够使轻度高血压患者的SBP和DBP呈现下降趋势，且等长抗阻训练降低SBP的效果更为显著。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To observe the short-term and staged effects of circuit/isometric resistence training on systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) in patients with mild hypertension. Method： Fifty-seven patients with mild essential hypertension were randomly divided into circuit resistence training (CRT) group (n=28) and isometric resistence training (IRT) group (n=29). Patients of two groups performed three stages circuit resistence training and isometric resistence training respectively. Before each stage, one repetition maximum (1RM) load of patients was measured by resistance training equipment. All patients were trained with the intensity of 30% 1RM for upper limb and 50% 1RM for lower limb. Training methods were as follows： each time training for 20min, 3 times a week, each stage for 4 weeks, the whole process included 12 weeks. SBP and DBP were recorded at the moment of 15min before training, the end of training and 15min, 30min, 60min after training. Result： The mean value of SBP and DBP had no significant difference (P＞0.05) between two groups at 3d before training. After training, the short-term effects on SBP declined gradually in all stages of CRT group. In IRT group, the short-term effects on SBP rose at the end of the training and declined gradually after training. The short-term effects on DBP of two groups rose at the end of training and declined gradually after training. In three stages, all patients SBP and DBP of each period showed a downward trend. Additionally, in the third stage of training, the SBP of IRT group decreased significantly than that of CRT group in 15min before training and 30min after training (P＜0.05). Although, in the third stage of training, the DBP of two groups decreased significantly than before and at the first stage of training (P＜0.05), there was no significant difference between them(P>0.05). Conclusion： CRT and IRT can make SBP and DBP of patients with mild hypertension showed a downward trend both after staged training and during short time after training, and the IRT showed more obvious effect on the decrease of SBP.