膝关节运动减压护具在慢跑状态下对膝关节运动学的影响

关键词：膝关节  运动减压护具  运动学  步态分析

Keywords:knee  sports unloading brace  kinematics  gait analysis

摘要：

      摘要 目的：通过研究佩戴膝关节运动减压护具前后膝关节运动学的变化，探讨膝关节运动减压护具的运动学防护机制，为运动人群的膝关节损伤防护提供依据。 方法：纳入30例健康大学生，利用便携式膝关节运动分析系统采集实验对象以5km/h速度慢跑条件下的步态数据，比较佩戴运动减压护具前后膝关节运动学变化，包括支撑相和摆动相膝关节近远端位移、内外位移、前后位移、屈伸角、内外翻、内外旋的变化。 结果：在步态周期的支撑相，佩戴膝关节运动减压护具后膝关节近远端位移显著性增加3.4mm，内外翻减小2.8°，内外位移、前后位移、屈伸角和内外旋都显著性减小；在步态周期的摆动相，佩戴膝关节运动减压护具后膝关节近远端位移显著性增加8.7mm，内外翻显著性减小3.5°，屈伸角和内外旋显著性减小，但前后位移（P=0.49）和内外位移（P=0.86）没有显著性意义。 结论：在步态周期主要受力的支撑相，膝关节运动减压护具通过增加近远端位移、限制关节活动来有效支撑膝关节且增强膝关节的稳定性，在摆动相的固定效果较支撑相比相对较弱。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To investigate the biomechanical changes in knee kinematics before and after wearing knee sports unloading brace， and the mechanism of providing a protection for knee injuries in the active population. Method： Thirty healthy university students were enrolled and gait analysis was performed using a portable knee motion analysis system under the condition of jogging on a treadmill at a speed of 5 km/h. The changes in knee kinematics before and after wearing the sports brace were compared， including the changes in the proximal-distal translation， internal-external translation， anterior-posterior translation， flexion-extension angle， abduction-adduction rotation， internal-external rotation of the knee joint during the stance phase and swing phase of a gait cycle. Result： During the stance phase， wearing the knee sports unloading brace significantly increased the proximal-distal translation of the knee by 3.4 mm， decreased the abduction-adduction rotation by 2.8°， and significantly decreased the internal-external translation， anterior-posterior translation， flexion-extension angle and interna- external rotation. During the swing phase， wearing the knee sports unloading brace significantly increased the proximal-distal translation of the knee by 8.7 mm and decreased the abduction-adduction rotation by 3.5°， with significant reductions in the flexion-extension angle and internal-external rotation. However, changes in anterior-posterior translation （P=0.49） and internal-external translation （P=0.86） were not significant. Conclusion：During the stance phase (primary loading phase)， the knee sports unloading brace effectively supports the knee joint and enhances its stability by increasing the proximal-distal translation and restricting the joint mobility. The stabilization effect during the swing phase is relatively weaker compared to the stance phase.