基于非负矩阵算法的腹式呼吸训练调节腰腹核心肌群运动协同性的效应特征

关键词：腹式呼吸  站桩  肌肉协同  非负矩阵分解

Keywords:abdominal breathing  standing exercise  muscle synergy  nonnegative matrix factorization

摘要：

      摘要 目的：探究腹式呼吸训练对腰腹核心肌群运动的激活特征与协同模式。 方法：招募健康大学生32名，应用SPSS 26.0软件按1∶1随机分成对照组和试验组各16名。对照组进行站桩训练，试验组进行腹式呼吸和站桩训练，每周训练5次，训练8周。在干预前后采集受试者腰腹部核心肌群的表面肌电，应用非负矩阵分解提取肌电数据的协同模式进行分析。 结果：协同数量上，两组干预后较干预前协同数量取值增加，两组干预前协同数构成无显著性差异（P＞0.05），干预后协同数构成具有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。协同模式上，两组干预前协同模式相似；干预后两组协同模式具有差异，对照组的右侧腹横肌、左侧腹内斜肌、右侧竖脊肌和双侧多裂肌在呼吸全程协同激活，试验组的双侧竖脊肌和多裂肌在吸气阶段激活明显；双侧腹横肌、左侧腹外斜肌和左侧竖脊肌在呼气阶段激活明显。激活曲线上，干预前两组激活曲线相似，干预后两组激活曲线趋势变缓，且试验组激活曲线的时间特征更加明显。 结论：腹式呼吸训练能提高腰腹部肌肉运动的协同组数量，在训练后肌肉进行高效率分工形成适应性协同模式。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To explore the activation characteristics and synergistic mode of lumbar and abdominal core muscle group during abdominal breathing training. Method： Thirty-two healthy college students were recruited and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group with 16 cases in each group. The control group received stan-pile training， while the experimental group received abdominal breathing and stan-pile training 5 times a week for 8 weeks. The surface electromyography of the lumbar and abdominal core muscles was collected before and after the intervention. Non-negative matrix factorization （NMF） was used to extract extract muscle synergy patterns from the EMG data. Result： In terms of cooperative elements， the number of cooperative elements increased after intervention in both groups compared with baseline， but there was no significant difference in the number of cooperative elements between the two groups before intervention （P>0.05）， and there was a significant difference in the number of cooperative elements after intervention （P<0.05）. In terms of cooperative patterns， the cooperative patterns before intervention in the two groups were similar. After intervention， the cooperative patterns in the two groups were different， the control group showed coactivation of the right transversus abdominis, left internal oblique, right erector spinae, and bilateral multifidus throughout the breathing cycle. In contrast, the experimental group exhibited pronounced activation of bilateral erector spinae and multifidus during inhalation, and bilateral transversus abdominis, left external oblique, and left erector spinae during exhalation. The activation curves before intervention in the two groups were similar， and the activation curves after intervention in the two groups trended towards slowing down， with the time feature of the activation curve in the experimental group being more obvious. Conclusion： Abdominal breathing training can increase the number of cooperative tuples of the waist and abdomen muscles， and the muscles perform efficient division of labor after training to form an adaptive cooperative mode.