抗阻训练对肌少症与肌少症可能老人康复效果的比较

关键词：老年人  肌少症  躯体功能下降  抗阻训练

Keywords:elderly people  sarcopenia  decreased physical function  resistance training

摘要：

      摘要 目的：比较抗阻训练对肌少症老人与肌少症可能老人康复效果的差异。 方法：选取60—80岁老年人64例，包括已确诊的肌少症组患者36例和已出现躯体功能下降的肌少症可能老人28例，均进行4周的抗阻力量训练，比较两组老人训练前后身体成分、肌肉力量、平衡功能和跌倒风险、心肺耐力、工具性日常生活活动能力（instrumental activities of daily living，IADL），以及生活质量的变化和康复效果差异。 结果：两组4周训练后握力、30s屈臂次数、30s起坐次数、膝伸展力量及单腿站立时间、Berg评分、起立-行走计时均有显著改善（P均<0.05），但身体成分均无明显变化。肌少症可能组老人的握力、6min步行距离改善较肌少症组老人更为显著（P值分别为0.035、0.034）。肌少症组在IADL及生活质量的多个维度方面有显著改善。两组IADL及生活质量的变化无显著性差异。 结论：与肌少症老人相比，4周早期抗阻训练可以更加显著地改善已经出现躯体功能下降但尚未达到肌少症诊断标准的肌少症可能老人的肌力和心肺耐力。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To compare the differences in the rehabilitation effects of resistance training on elderly individuals with sarcopenia and those suffering from sarcopenia possibly. Method： A total of 64 elderly people aged 60 to 80 years old were selected， including 36 diagnosed sarcopenia patients and 28 potential sarcopenia patients with decreased physical function. They underwent resistance muscle strength training for 4 weeks each. The effects of resistance training on body composition， muscle strength， balance function and fall risk， cardiopulmonary endurance， instrumental activities of daily living （IADL）， and quality of life were analyzed. Result： After 4 weeks of training， both groups showed significant improvements in grip strength， 30 second bending frequency， 30 second sitting frequency， knee extension strength and single leg standing time， Berg balance scale（BBS）， and timed up and go test（TUGT） （P<0.05 for all）， but there was no significant change in body composition. The improvement in grip strength and six-minute walk test（6MWT） in the elderly possibly suffering from sarcopenia was more significant than that in the sarcopenia group （P<0.05）. The sarcopenia group showed significant improvement in multiple dimensions of IADL and quality of life. There was no significant difference in the changes in IADL and quality of life between the two groups. Conclusion： Compared with elderly people with sarcopenia， four weeks of early resistance training can more significantly improve muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance in potentially elderly people with sarcopenia who have already experienced a decline in somatic function but have not yet met the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.