跳绳干预对注意缺陷多动障碍男童执行功能和基本动作技能的影响

关键词：注意缺陷多动障碍  跳绳  儿童  执行功能  基本动作技能

Keywords:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  jump rope  children  executive function  basic motor skills

摘要：

      摘要 目的：探讨8周跳绳干预方案对注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD）男童（6—12岁）执行功能和基本动作技能的影响。 方法：从某两所普通公立小学筛选ADHD男童31例，随机分配试验组16例，对照组15例，试验组和对照组分别因1例退出、2例缺席干预结束的后测，最终试验组15例，对照组13例。试验组进行8周（每周2次，每次1h）跳绳运动干预，对照组则参加学校的日常体育活动。采用E-Prime系统中的色词测验（Stroop）、数字任务（N-back）和任务切换（task switching）测量被试者执行功能三个子功能——抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性；采用大肌肉动作发展量表第3版（test of gross motor development-3，TGMD-3）评价被试者的基本动作技能。 结果：①试验组ADHD男童执行功能的抑制控制、工作记忆的正确率和认知灵活性的反应时相较于干预前组内均具有显著性（P<0.05）；②试验组ADHD男童基本动作技能总分、分项的位移技能总分和控制技能总分相较于干预前组内均具有显著性（P<0.001）；位移技能子项的改善体现为跑、蹦跳及单脚跳动作，控制技能动作子项的改善体现为肩上投球、击固定球和击反弹球动作。 结论：8周跳绳干预对改善ADHD男童执行功能、提高基本动作技能有积极效果。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To investigate the effects of an 8-week jump rope intervention program on executive function and basic motor skills in boys （6—12 years old） with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. Method： Total 31 boys with ADHD were screened out from two general public elementary schools and randomly assigned to an experimental group of 16 cases and a control group of 15 cases. The experimental group and control group ended with 15 cases and 13 cases, respectively, due to dropout of one case (experimental group) and absence from the end-of-intervention posttest of two cases(control group). The experimental group underwent an eight-week（1 hour each time, twice a week） jump rope exercise intervention， while the control group participated in daily physical activities at school. The three sub-functions of executive function( inhibitory control， working memory， and cognitive flexibility) were measured using the color word test（Stroop），numerical task（N-back），and task switching in the E-Prime system；the test of gross motor development-3（TGMD-3） was used to assess the subjects' basic motor skills. Result： ①Inhibitory control of executive function， correctness of working memory， and response time of cognitive flexibility in the experimental group of ADHD boys were all significantly improved than those before intervention（P<0.05）； ②The total score of basic motor skills， the total score of displacement skills of sub-items， and the total score of control skills in the experimental group were all significantly improved than those before intervention（P<0.001）. The improvement of sub-items of displacement skills was observed in the run, jump and hop. The improvement of sub-items of control skills was observed in the overhand, hitting a stationary ball and half volley. Conclusion： An 8-week jump rope intervention improves executive function and basic motor skills in boys with ADHD.