成年人上肢关节活动度多因素差异研究

关键词：关节活动度  照相测量法  影响因素  方差分析

Keywords:joint range of motion  photogrammetric method  influence factor  analysis of variance

摘要：

      摘要 目的：研究成年人上肢关节活动度，探讨年龄、性别、体型、地域和劳动强度等因素对其影响程度。 方法：使用照相测量法采集了818例成年人的16个上肢关节活动度，分析了基于性别、年龄、BMI、地域及劳动强度的关节活动度的差异量。 结果：不同年龄段间关节活动度差异显著（P<0.05），与18—25岁组相比，36—59岁年龄组的关节活动度减小幅度为2.5%—25.2%。性别在8项上肢关节活动度上存在显著差异（P<0.05），女性尺桡外旋和肩水平伸展角度较男性分别高出6%（7.7°）和5%（6.2°）（P<0.001）。除尺桡旋内，不同BMI组间的关节活动度差异显著（P<0.05），与体重过低体型组相比，肥胖体型组关节活动度下降范围为2.7%—29.1%。劳动强度增加导致关节活动度减少3%—35%（P<0.05）。 结论：成年人上肢关节活动度受不同因素不同程度的影响，研究结果可为成年人关节活动度相关的人因工程学设计、康复医疗、体育训练，以及职业健康和安全等领域的设计和评估提供数据支撑和方法指导。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To analyze upper-extremity joint range of motion (ROM) in adults， and to examine the influence of age， gender， body mass index (BMI)， geographic region， and occupational physical demand. Method： Sixteen upper-extremity ROM from 818 adults were collected using photogrammetry. Between-groups differences by gender， age， BMI categories， geographic region and occupational physical demand were evaluated with analysis of variance. Result： There were significant differences in ROM among different age groups （P<0.05）. Compared with the 18—25 age group， the 36—59 age group showed 2.5%—25.2% lower ROM. There are significant differences （P<0.05） between males and females in 8 ROM measures， with females having 6%（7.7°） and 5%（6.2°） higher ulnar radial rotation and shoulder horizontal extension angles than males， respectively （P<0.001）. Except for forearm pronation， ROM differed significantly across BMI categories（P<0.05）. Compared with underweight group， the obese group showed 2.7%—29.1% lower ROM. Higher occupational physical demand was associated with 3%—35% lower ROM（P<0.05）. Conclusion：Adult upper-extremity ROM varies meaningfully by age, sex, BMI, and occupational physical demand. These findings provide reference data support for ergonomic design, rehabilitation planning, sports training, and occupational health and safety assessments related to adult joint activity.