老年人踝关节力量、本体感觉对站立稳定性的影响

关键词：平衡  等速肌力  本体感觉  跌倒风险

Keywords:balance  isokinetic force  proprioception  fall risk

摘要：

      摘要 目的：人体平衡能力与踝关节稳定性密切相关，通过测量老年人静态平衡能力，结合踝关节力量、耐力和主被动本体感觉综合评估老年人的跌倒风险。 方法：招募15例青年人和30例老年人，按年龄分成3组，静止站立采用1台Kistler 9281EA型号测力台采集压力中心（COP）；采用BS4仪完成踝关节跖屈/背屈、内翻/外翻等速肌力测试和采用BS4仪完成主被动本体感觉测试。 结果：①COP参数中，Sx、Sy、Rx、Ry、T、GA、RA、A和D差异显著性（P＜0.05）；②60°/s和120°/s强度的跖/背屈RPT、120°/s强度的屈/伸比差异显著（P＜0.05）；③60°/s、120°/s强度RPT和120°/s强度内/外翻比差异显著（P＜0.05）；④跖/背屈主动本体感觉各角度差异均显著（P＜0.05）；⑤内/外翻主动本体感觉各角度差异均显著（P＜0.05）；⑥跖/背屈被动本体感觉15°差异显著（P＜0.05）；⑦内/翻被动本体感觉0°差异显著（P＜0.05）。 结论：老年人站立时偏转角度大致晃动增加；踝关节主动/拮抗肌比不平衡使扭矩加大；本体感觉偏差大，感觉系统整合能力下降；体姿调整能力降低，致跌倒风险增加。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective：The balance of the human body is closely related to the stability of the ankle joint. By measuring the static balance ability of the elderly， combined with ankle joint strength， endurance， and active/passive proprioception， the risk of falls in the elderly is comprehensively evaluated. Method： Total 15 young people and 30 elderly people were recruited and divided into 3 groups according to age， and COP was measured using Kistler 9281EA while standing still. The plantar-dorsiflexion， inversion-eversion isokinetic strength and active/passive proprioception were measured using the BS4. Result： ①In the COP parameters， Sx， Sy， Rx， Ry， T， GA， RA， A， and D exhibited significant differences（P<0.05）. ②The 60°/s and 120°/s PRT， the plantar-dorsiflexion ratio of 120°/s exhibited significant differences（P<0.05）. ③60°/s and 120°/s RPT， the ratio of inversion/eversion exhibited significant differences（P<0.05）. ④The active proprioception of plantar-dorsiflexion exhibited significant differences in each angle（P<0.05）. ⑤The active proprioception of inversion-eversion also exhibited significant differences in each angle（P<0.05）.⑥The inversion-eversion active proprioception exhibited significant difference in 15°（P<0.05）. ⑦The inversion-eversion passive proprioception also exhibited significant difference in in 0°（P<0.05）. Conclusion： The deflection angle of elderly people increases roughly when standing； The active/antagonistic muscle imbalance increases torque； The deviation of proprioception is large， and the integration ability of the sensory system decreases； The ability to adjust body posture decreases， leading to an increased risk of falls.