基于功能性近红外光谱技术的吞咽-认知双任务前额叶皮层激活模式研究

关键词：吞咽  认知  双任务  功能性近红外光谱技术

Keywords:swallowing  cognition  dual task  functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology

摘要：

      摘要 目的：基于功能性近红外光谱技术（functional near-infrared spectroscopy，fNIRS）研究健康成年人执行吞咽-认知双任务时吞咽表现及任务态前额叶皮质激活情况。 方法：纳入45名健康成年人受试者，执行吞咽单任务（swallowing single task，SST）、执行认知单任务（cognitive single task，CST）和吞咽-认知双任务（cognitive-swallowing dual task，CDT）范式，并同步进行fNIRS数据采集。 结果：执行SST任务时吞咽次数、吞咽容积、单口平均容积等吞咽表现与CDT差异不显著；执行CDT任务时，反应时间较执行CST时显著延长（P<0.05）。执行SST任务时，前额叶皮层显著激活的区域有左侧腹外侧前额叶皮层（ventrolateral prefrontal cortex，VLPFC）、双侧背外侧前额叶皮层（bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex，DLPFC）和双侧眶额皮质（orbitofrontal cortex，OFC）；执行CST任务时，前额叶皮层中双侧DLPFC和左侧OFC有显著激活；执行CDT任务时，前额叶皮层中左侧VLPFC、左侧额极区（frontopolar prefrontal cortex，FPC）、左侧OFC及双侧DLPFC有显著激活。 结论：吞咽-认知双任务时存在“吞咽优先策略”的可能。DLPFC、VLPFC、FPC和OFC等与认知吞咽神经调控有关，表现为认知、吞咽及双任务态显著激活模式。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To investigate swallowing performance and task-related prefrontal cortex activation in healthy adults during swallowing-cognition dual tasks using functional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS）. Method： Forty-five healthy adults were enrolled to perform the swallowing single task（SST），the cognitive single task（CST），and the cognitive-swallowing dual task（CDT）. fNIRS signal data were collected simultaneously during all tasks. Result： During SST， swallowing performance parameters， including swallowing frequency， swallowing volume， and mean volume per swallow， showed no significant differences compared with those during CDT. When performing the CDT， the reaction time was significantly longer than that during CST（P<0.05）. During the SST， significant activation was observed in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex （VLPFC）， bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC）， and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex （OFC）. During the CST， significant activation was found in the bilateral DLPFC and left OFC. During the CDT， significant activation was detected in the left VLPFC， left frontopolar prefrontal cortex （FPC）， left OFC， and bilateral DLPFC. Conclusion： A potential “swallowing priority strategy” may exist during the swallowing-cognition dual-task condition. The DLPFC， VLPFC， FPC， and OFC are involved in the neural regulation of cognitive-swallowing interactions， with distinct activation signatures across cognitive， swallowing， and dual-task states.