弹力带运动对主观认知下降老年人的认知功能、肌力和跌倒风险的影响

关键词：弹力带运动  主观认知下降  老年人  执行功能  肌肉力量  平衡  跌倒风险

Keywords:elastic band exercise  subjective cognitive decline  older adults  executive function  muscle strength  balance  fall risk

摘要：

      摘要 目的：探究弹力带运动对主观认知下降（subjective cognitive decline， SCD）老年人认知功能、肌肉力量及跌倒风险的干预效果。 方法：将60例SCD老年人随机分为弹力带组与对照组，弹力带组接受16周弹力带运动干预，对照组保持原有生活状态。试验前后使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal cognitive assessment，MoCA）、N-back、Stroop评估认知功能，使用30s坐起、握力评估肌肉力量，使用10m步行、Berg平衡量表、计时起立-行走测试（timed up and go test， TUG）、Tinetti平衡步态评估表评估跌倒风险，并对各指标的变化值进行相关分析。 结果：干预后，弹力带组的MoCA得分显著提高（P＜0.001），Stroop反应时显著缩短（P＜0.001），1-back正确率显著提高（P＜0.05），2-back反应时显著缩短（P＜0.05）；握力显著增大（P＜0.05），TUG和10m步行时间显著缩短（P＜0.05）。干预后MoCA得分变化与握力变化呈显著正相关，与10m步行变化呈显著负相关；1-back反应时变化与握力变化呈显著负相关，2-back正确率变化与Tinetti变化呈显著正相关，Stroop反应时的变化与10m步行变化呈显著正相关。 结论：弹力带运动可改善SCD老年人的整体认知功能、工作记忆、抑制功能、肌肉力量和平衡能力，降低跌倒风险。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： Sixty participants with SCD were randomly assigned to either the elastic band group or the control group. The elastic band group underwent a 16-week elastic band exercise intervention， while the control group maintained their original lifestyle. Before and after the intervention， the Montreal cognitive assessment（MoCA）， N-back， and Stroop were used to evaluate cognitive function. The 30-second sit-up and grip strength tests were used to assess muscle strength. The 10-meter walk， Berg balance scale， timed up and go (TUG) test， and Tinetti balance gait assessment scale were used to evaluate the risk of falls. Correlational analysis was conducted on the pre-post changes in all indicators. Method： Sixty participants with SCD were randomly assigned to either the elastic band group or the control group. The elastic band group underwent a 16-week elastic band exercise intervention， while the control group maintained their original lifestyle. Before and after the intervention， the Montreal cognitive assessment（MoCA）， N-back， and Stroop were used to evaluate cognitive function. The 30-second sit-up and grip strength tests were used to assess muscle strength. The 10-meter walk， Berg balance scale， timed up and go (TUG) test， and Tinetti balance gait assessment scale were used to evaluate the risk of falls. Correlational analysis was conducted on the pre-post changes in all indicators. Result： When compared with control group， the elastic band group showed significant improvements after the intervention, including increased MoCA scores （P<0.001）， shorter Stroop reaction time （P<0.001）， higher 1-back accuracy （P<0.05）， and shorter 2-back reaction time （P<0.05）. Grip strength increased significantly （P<0.05）， and both TUG test time and 10-meter walking time decreased significantly （P<0.05）. After intervention, changes in MoCA scores were significantly positively correlated with the improvements in grip strength and negatively correlated with changes in 10-meter walking time. Improvements in 1-back reaction time were negatively correlated with changes in grip strength， while improvements in 2-back accuracy were positively correlated with Tinetti scores. Reductions in Stroop reaction time were positively correlated with improvements in 10-meter walking time. Conclusion： Elastic band exercises can improve global cognitive function， working memory， inhibitory control， muscle strength， and balance in elderly individuals with SCD， and reduce the fall risk.