全身振动对高水平田径运动员血乳酸消除的影响

关键词：全身振动  血乳酸  运动疲劳

Keywords:whole-body vibration  blood lactate  fatigue

摘要：

      摘要 目的：验证全身振动对高水平田径运动员高强度训练后血乳酸消除的效果，并探究相较于自我牵伸是否具有更快的清除速率。 方法：从上海体育大学体育系长跑专项选取59名高水平运动员，将其随机分为全身振动组（n=20）、自我牵伸组（n=20）和无干预组（n=19），每次从3组中分别选取两名运动员进行5×400的循环力竭跑，达到力竭标准后一组采用全身振动放松，一组进行自我牵伸放松，一组不进行主动恢复干预。运动后即刻及运动后1、3、5、10min测试者对运动员进行指尖采血，检测血乳酸浓度，同步记录主观用力评分。 结果：①重复测量方差分析的主体内效应检验表明，3种不同干预在随机间变化的恢复轨迹上存在差异，且乳酸水平总体随时间下降（P<0.05）；②组间比较显示，全身振动组与自我牵伸组的血乳酸值在各个时间点的比较上均无显著差异（P>0.05），而无干预组的第3、5min乳酸值显著高于两干预组（P<0.05）；③组内比较中，两干预组第10min的血乳酸值均较其他时间点显著下降（P<0.05）。 结论：全身振动与自我牵伸在高水平运动员的乳酸消除中均较无干预恢复出现了显著效果，且两种干预方式在乳酸消除速率上效果相近，为赛后康复的实践应用提供了参考。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To verify the effect of whole-body vibration（WBV） on blood lactate clearance after high-intensity training in elite track and field athletes， and to determine whether WBV facilitates faster clearance than self-stretching. Method： Fifty-nine elite long-distance runners from the Department of Sports Science at Shanghai University of Sport were randomly assigned to three groups： WBV (n=20)， self-stretching （n=20）， and no-intervention (n=19). Two athletes from each group underwent a 5×400-meter exhaustive running circuit. Following exercise， the WBV group received whole-body vibration therapy；the self-stretching group performed stretching protocols， and the control group received no active recovery intervention. Capillary finger-prick blood was collected at 0，1，3，5， and 10 min post-exercise to determine blood lactate concentration（mmol/L）；the rating of perceived exertion（RPE） was recorded concurrently. Result： Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that recovery trajectories differed across interventions and that lactate levels decreased over time（P<0.05）. Between-group comparisons showed no significant differences in blood lactate concentrations between the WBV and self-stretching groups at any time point (all P>0.05). However，blood lactate concentrations in the no-intervention group were significantly higher than those in both intervention groups at 3 and 5 minutes post-exercise （P<0.05）. Within-group analyses demonstrated that blood lactate concentrations at 10 minutes post-exercise were significantly lower than those at all earlier time points in both intervention groups. while the control group showed no obvious differences （P>0.05）. Conclusion： Both whole-body vibration and self-stretching significantly enhanced post-exercise blood lactate clearance compared with no-intervention recovery in elite athletes， and the two interventions showed comparable efficacy in lactate clearance rate， thus providing a valuable reference for practical applications in post-competition rehabilitation.