疲劳程度和性别对收腹跳落地阶段膝、踝关节刚度的影响

关键词：运动性疲劳  肌肉协同  刚度  损伤预防  性别

Keywords:exercise-induced fatigue  muscle synergy  stiffness  injury prevention  gender

摘要：

      摘要 目的：量化运动性疲劳前后男、女运动员收腹跳落地阶段中的下肢肌肉协同特征，揭示双因素影响下的膝、踝关节刚度。 方法：比较男、女运动员EIF前后收腹跳落地阶段的下肢表面肌电数据，分析男女EIF前后肌肉协同结构，采用双因素方差分析比较不同性别不同疲劳程度下的下肢肌肉协同特征和膝、踝关节刚度。 结果：在不同性别和疲劳程度下，均提取出两种肌肉协同结构，且存在交替激活模式。疲劳后，协同元1中股直肌、股外侧肌的激活显著减小，腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的激活显著增加；协同元2中，男性的股直肌激活显著高于女性，疲劳对其影响不显著。此外，膝关节刚度在疲劳前显著高于疲劳后，男性膝关节刚度始终高于女性，且性别与疲劳间无显著交互作用。 结论：下肢关节刚度差异受膝关节影响较大，疲劳显著影响膝关节刚度，男性的膝关节刚度较高，女性在疲劳后更易出现膝关节不稳定。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective：To quantify the lower limb muscle synergy characteristics of male and female athletes during the landing phase of abdominal tuck jump before and after exercise-induced fatigue （EIF）， and to reveal the knee and ankle joint stiffness under the influence of two factors. Method：Surface electromyography data from the lower limbs of male and female athletes were collected and compared during the landing phase of abdominal tuck jump before and after EIF. Muscle synergy structures of male and female athletes were analyzed before and after EIF. A two-factor analysis of variance was used to compare the lower limb muscle synergy characteristics and knee and ankle joints stiffness of different genders under different fatigue levels. Result：Two types of muscle synergy structures were extracted under different genders and fatigue levels， and there were alternate activation patterns. After fatigue， the activation of rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles in synergy element 1 significantly decreased， and the activation of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles significantly increased. In synergy element 2， the activation of rectus femoris muscle was significantly higher in males than in females， with no significant effect of fatigue. In addition， the knee joint stiffness before fatigue was significantly higher than after fatigue， the knee joint stiffness of males was always higher than that of females， and there was no significant interaction between gender and fatigue. Conclusion：The difference in lower limb joint stiffness is greatly affected by the knee joint. Fatigue significantly affects the stiffness of the knee joint, with males maintaining higher stiffness than females. Women are more susceptible to knee joint instability after fatigue.