上海国际马拉松跑者膝关节损伤情况及其影响因素分析

关键词：跑步  马拉松  膝关节损伤  运动康复

Keywords:run  Marathon  knee joint injury  sports rehabilitation

摘要：

      摘要 目的：通过问卷调查的方式探讨马拉松跑者膝关节损伤的情况及其影响因素。为后期的马拉松跑者膝关节的损伤康复和预防提供理论依据。 方法：在2016年上海国际马拉松赛中随机选取850例全马跑者进行问卷调查，问卷为自行设计，主要包括两方面内容：跑步者的基本信息；膝关节损伤的影响因素。统计方法为交叉表的单因素卡方分析以及向前逐步法二元Logistic 回归分析。 结果：在有效的800份问卷中，膝关节损伤总的发病率为23%。相比于其他的年龄段，膝关节的损伤在40—50岁这个年龄段最不易发生(P<0.05)；不同性别的跑者在膝关节处的损伤并没有显著性差异。力量不足（P<0.01）、准备活动不足（P<0.01）、鞋子不适(P=0.015)、疲劳（P<0.01）、姿势不正确（P<0.01）、旧伤病（P<0.01）这些损伤因素与膝关节损伤之间具有相关性。其中旧伤病（OR=4.873）与力量不足(OR=4.074)是膝关节损伤较高的风险因素。 结论：膝关节损伤是马拉松跑者中最为常见的损伤部位，其损伤与力量训练和旧伤病有着较深的联系。建议马拉松跑者平时应注重膝关节周围肌群的训练，保护好以前受过伤的部位，防止二次损伤。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective: To explore the knee joint injury and its influencing factors in Shanghai International Marathon Runners by a self-designed questionnaire. The results may provide the theoretical basis for the injury recovery and prevention of knee joint for the Marathon runners. Method: In the 2016, 850 full Marathon runners were randomly selected to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire was self-designed and consisted mainly of two aspects，the basic information of runners and the factors affecting knee injury. Statistical methods were cross-tabulated by one-way chi-square analysis and forward step by step binary logistic regression analysis. Result: In the 800 effective questionnaires, the overall incidence of knee injury was 23%. Compared with other age groups, the 40—50 year-old age group was the most common group with knee injuries (P<0.05) Incidence rate of knee injury among genders of runner has no statistical difference. Muscle weakness (P<0.01), insufficient preparation (P<0.01), shoes uncomfortable (P=0.015), fatigue (P<0.01), incorrect posture (P<0.01), old injuries (P<0.01)，were factors related to knee injury. Old injuries (OR=4.873) and muscle weakness (OR=4.074) were rather higher risk factors in knee injury. Conclusion: Knee injury is one of the most common injuries among runners in Marathons, and its injury is closely related to muscle strength training and old injuries. If Marathon runners want to reduce the risk of knee injury, we recommend that they should always pay attention to training muscles around the knee as well as to protect the previously injured parts to prevent a secondary injury.