我国老年人居家跌倒风险自评量表的初步研制

关键词：社区  老年人  跌倒风险  评估工具  德尔菲法

Keywords:community  older adults  fall risk  assessment tools  Delphi method

摘要：

      摘要 目的：研制适用于我国社区老年人的跌倒风险自评量表，为跌倒预防与干预工作提供适合国情和方便实用的评估工具。 方法：通过检索文献，参考国内外现有的跌倒风险评估工具，初步筛选出符合国内老年人特点的跌倒风险因素，形成初步量表条目，应用Delphi专家函询法进行指标筛选及重要性评分。 结果：三轮专家函询的有效回收率分别为100%、96.55%和86.21%；有效修改建议率分别为75.86%、42.86%和24.00%。三轮函询的Cr均为0.894。从第一轮到第三轮专家函询，一级指标的Kendall’W增加到0.322（P<0.001）；二级指标的Kendall’W增加到0.411（P<0.001）。最终确定5个一级指标和41个二级指标，专家对各项指标意见趋于一致。 结论：本研究研制的老年人居家跌倒风险自评量表专家意见协调系数高。进一步研究将对该量表的条目进行分析及筛选，并在社区老年人中对其信效度进行检验。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To develop a fall risk self-assessment scale applicable for community-dwelling older adults in China and provide a convenient assessment tool suitable for China's actual situations for the sake of fall prevention and intervention in the community. Method： Based on literature review and current domestic and international assessments utilized clinically， the preliminary fall risk indicators were established， which was selected and rated regarding the importance through three-round Delphi process. Result： After three-round questionnaire， the effective recovery rate was 100%， 96.55% and 86.21% sequentially， and the corresponding proportions of panelists who proposed opinions were 75.86%， 42.86% and 24.00%. The authority coefficients (Cr) were 0.894 in three-round Delphi process. Kendall's concordance coefficient (Kendall's W) indicator increased to 0.322 (P<0.001) and 0.411(P<0.001) for the first-level and second-level indicator respectively from first to third round consensus. The final consensus was reached on 5 first-level and 41 second-level indicators. Conclusion： The fall risk self-assessment scale for home-dwelling elderly developed in this study has a high expert opinion coordination coefficient. Further study is to analyze and screen the items of the scale， and to test its reliability and validity among the elderly in the community.