高强度间歇训练与等量有氧运动对绝经女性血流动力学和心功能的影响

关键词：心功能  血流动力学  高强度间歇训练  绝经女性

Keywords:cardiac function  hemodynamics  high-intensity interval training  postmenopausal women

摘要：

      摘要 目的：对比8周高强度间歇训练（high-intensity interval training， HIIT）和等量有氧运动（aerobic exercise， AE）对绝经女性心功能、血流动力学的影响，为HIIT改善血流动力学提供理论和实践依据。 方法：招募30例绝经女性，随机分为HIIT组、AE组和对照组，运动干预8周，每周3次。HIIT组以85%—95%最大心率强度（maximal hear reat， HRmax）运动4 min，60%—70% HRmax间歇运动3 min，重复4组；AE组以70%—80% HRmax持续运动40 min。利用美国GE vivid 7彩超仪测试干预前后受试者心功能和血流动力学相关指标的变化。 结果：①心功能：运动组干预后每搏输出量、心输出量和左心室舒张末期容积均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05/0.01）；HIIT组每搏输出量、心输出量和左心室舒张末期容积显著高于AE组（P＜0.05/0.01）。②血流动力学变化：运动组干预后血流剪切力和血流速度均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05/0.01）；HIIT组血流剪切力和血流速度显著高于AE组（P＜0.05）。③训练后的血流剪切力与每搏输出量（r=0.484， P＜0.01）、心输出量（r=0.439， P＜0.01）和左心室舒张末期容积（r=0.514， P＜0.01）呈正相关。 结论：8周HIIT和AE能显著提升绝经女性心功能和血流剪切力，但HIIT干预效果优于AE，血流剪切力和心功能的改善具有一定的相关性。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To compare the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and constant aerobic exercise (AE) on heart function and hemodynamics in postmenopausal women， and to provide theoretical and practical basis for HIIT in improving hemodynamics. Method： Thirty postmenopausal women were recruited and randomly divided into HIIT group， AE group and control group. Exercise intervention lasted for 8 weeks (3 times a week) . HIIT group exercised for 4min with 85%—95% maximum heart rate intensity，3 min intermittently with 60%—70% maximum heart rate intensity，and repeated 4 times. The AE group exercised for 40min at 70%—80% maximum heart rate intensity. Echocardiography was used to test the changes of cardiac function and hemodynamics before and after intervention. Result： ①Cardiac function： stroke volume， cardiac output and left ventricular end-diastolic volume in the exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group after intervention (P＜0.05/0.01)； Stroke volume， cardiac output and left ventricular end-diastolic volume in the HIIT group were significantly higher than those in the AE group (P＜0.05/0.01). ②Hemodynamic changes： shear stress and velocity in the exercise group were significantly higher than those in the control group after intervention (P＜0.05/0.01)； Shear stress and velocity in the HIIT group were significantly higher than those in the AE group (P＜0.05). ③After training， Shear stress was positively correlated with stroke volume (r=0.484， P<0.01)， cardiac output (r=0.439， P<0.01) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (r=0.514， P<0.01). Conclusion： 8 weeks of HIIT and AE can significantly improve cardiac function and shear stress in menopausal women. Moreover, HIIT has better outcome than AE. Shear stress is correlated with the improvement of heart function.