八段锦和健身走运动对中老年女性平衡能力与肌力的影响

关键词：八段锦  健身走  中老年女性  平衡能力  肌力

Keywords:Baduanjin  fitness walking  middle-aged and elderly women  balance ability  muscle strength

摘要：

      摘要 目的：探讨八段锦和健身走对中老年女性平衡能力和肌力的影响，以及两者在改善平衡能力和提高肌肉力量方面的优劣。 方法：招募70例年龄在55—65岁阶段的中老年女性（均为非体育人口），随机将其分为八段锦组、健身走组和对照组，对前2组进行为期18周的运动干预。运动干预前后，测试所有受试者的动态、静态平衡能力以及上下肢肌力。 结果：运动干预后，八段锦组的平衡得分、最大旋转角速度、平均旋转角速度等动态平衡指标和静态位移速度等静态平衡指标，以及健身走组的ML（medial-lateral）位移速度等静态平衡指标组内差异具有显著性意义（P＜0.05）；健身走组和八段锦组的平衡得分、最大旋转角速度、平衡等级等动态平衡指标和位移总速度、位移总面积等静态平衡指标，以及八段锦组的RS动态平衡指标和ML位移速度、AP（anterior-posterior）和ML方向位移等静态平衡指标与对照组间差异具有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。60°/s测试速度下健身走组的伸膝、屈膝肌群峰力矩和八段锦组的屈肩、屈髋、屈膝、伸踝肌群峰力矩，以及240°/s测试速度下八段锦组的伸髋、伸膝、屈肩、屈髋、屈踝肌群峰力矩组内差异具有显著性意义（P＜0.05）；60°/s测试速度下健身走组的伸膝、屈踝肌群峰力矩和八段锦组的伸肩、伸髋、伸膝、伸踝等肌群峰力矩，以及240°/s测试速度下健身走组的伸膝、伸踝、屈踝肌群峰力矩和八段锦组的伸肩、伸髋、伸踝、屈踝肌群峰力矩与对照组间差异具有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。 结论：八段锦和健身走锻炼均能改善中老年女性的动态静态平衡能力以及上下肢肌力，且八段锦锻炼的改善效果优于健身走。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： This study aimed at exploring the impact of Baduanjin and fitness walking on balance stability and muscle strength of middle-aged and elderly women and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of exercise in improving the balance ability and muscle strength. Method： Seventy 55—65 years old women （physical inactivity） were enrolled in this study， and randomly divided into Baduanjin group， fitness walking group and control group. The Baduanjin and fitness walking groups received 18 weeks exercise intervention. The dynamic and static balance ability and strength of all subjects were tested before and after exercise intervention. Result： After exercise intervention， the score， MRS，RS， the static displacement speed of the Baduanjin group and the ML displacement speed of the walking group have statistically significant differences within the group（P＜0.05）.The score， MRS， the grade ，the total displacement speed， the total displacement area of the walking group and the Baduanjin group， as well as the ML displacement speed， AP and ML direction displacement， RS of the Baduanjin group， are statistically different from those of the control group（P＜0.05）.The peak torques at a 60°/s test speed of the knee extension， knee flexion in the walking group and shoulder flexion， hip flexion， knee flexion and ankle extension in the Baduanjin group， as well as the peak torques at a 240°/s test speed of hip extension， knee extension， shoulder flexion， hip flexion， and ankle flexion in the Baduanjin group have statistically significant differences within the group（P＜0.05）.The peak torques at a 60°/s test speed of the knee extension and ankle flexion in the walking group and the shoulder extension， hip extension， knee extension and ankle extension in the Baduanjin group， as well as the peak torques at a 240°/s test speed of the knee extension， ankle extension and ankle flexion in the walking group and the shoulder extensions， hip extensions， ankle extensions and ankle flexion in the Baduanjin group were statistically different from those in the control group（P＜0.05）. Conclusions： Both Baduanjin and fitness walking exercise can improve the dynamic and static balance ability and the muscle strength of upper and lower limbs of middle-aged and elderly women， and Baduanjin exercise has better improvement effect than fitness walking.