跨理论模型联合意外、死亡、伤害工具包在出院老年人跌倒防范中的应用研究

关键词：跨理论模型  意外、死亡、伤害工具包  出院老年人  跌倒防范

Keywords:trans-theoretical model  stopping elderly accidents,deaths & injuries tool kit  outpatient  falls prevention

摘要：

      摘要 目的：探讨跨理论模型联合意外、死亡、伤害工具包防范出院老年人跌倒的效果。 方法：选取2020年10月—12月重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年科，经汉化版Morse量表证实有跌倒风险的住院老年人为研究对象，随机分为试验组和对照组，试验组（122例）采用跨理论模型联合意外、死亡、伤害工具包防范措施进行干预，对照组（117例）采用常规跌倒防范干预，比较两组老年人出院24周内跌倒防范措施执行率、跌倒和跌伤发生率。 结果：试验组的老年人对各类居家防跌倒措施的执行率在出院后的4周（除了视力和足部管理)、12周（除了视力和足部管理）和24周（除了足部管理）均高于对照组（P＜0.05）；试验组跌倒发生率为8.20%（10/122），低于对照组17.95%（21/117）（P＜0.05）；试验组跌伤发生率为10.00%（1/10），低于对照组52.4%（11/21）（P＜0.05）。 结论：跨理论模型联合意外、死亡、伤害工具包能有效提高老年人出院后的跌倒防范措施执行率，降低跌倒和跌伤发生率，可作为一种新的防跌倒策略应用于出院老年人跌倒防范。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To explore the effect of trans-theoretical model combined with STEADI in preventing falls of elderly after discharged from hospital. Method： From October to December 2020， the hospitalized elderly patients of the Gerontology Department in a tertiary hospital who were at risk of falling screened by the Chinese version of the Morse scale were divided into two groups using the Random sampling method. The experimental group (122) used the trans-theoretical combined STEADI Fall prevention strategies， and the control group (117) adopted conventional fall prevention interventions. The implementation rate of fall prevention measures， the incidence of falls and falls injuries between the two groups were compared within 24 weeks after discharged. Result： The implementation rate of fall prevention measures for the elderly in the experimental group was higher than the control group at 4 week (except for vision and foot management)， 12 week (except for vision and foot management)， and 24 weeks (except for foot management) (P＜0.05) after discharge. The incidence of falls in the experimental group was 8.20% (10/122) and was lower than that in the control group 17.95% (21/117) (P＜0.05)； the injury incidence of falls in the experimental group was 10.00% (1/10) and was lower than that in the control group 52.4% (11/21) (P＜0.05). Conclusion： The trans-theoretical model combined with STEADI fall prevention can effectively improve the implementation rate of fall prevention measures， reduce the incidence of falls and fall injury in the elderly after their discharge， which can be used as a new fall prevention tool for the elderly after discharge.