中等强度运动对伴有焦虑症状甲基苯丙胺成瘾者负性情绪及单胺类神经递质的影响

关键词：运动干预  甲基苯丙胺成瘾者  焦虑  单胺类神经递质  负性情绪

Keywords:exercise intervention  Methamphetamine-addicted individuals  anxiety  monoamine neurotransmitters  negative affect

摘要：

      摘要 目的：探究中等强度运动对伴有焦虑症状甲基苯丙胺（METH）成瘾者负性情绪及单胺类神经递质的影响。 方法：将所选取湖南省白泥湖强制隔离戒毒所符合纳入标准的男性METH类药物依赖者按是否运动及焦虑分为3组，即：AN组（焦虑不运动组）31例、AE组（焦虑运动组）34例、NANE组（无焦虑不运动组）32例。对AE组进行为期12周，5次/周，90min/次的运动干预，AN组和NANE组只接受常规戒毒治疗及护理。运动干预前后采用PANAS（负性情绪量表）、SAS（焦虑自评量表）、DDQ（毒品渴求评分）对心理健康水平及毒品渴求度进行评定；ELISA实验方法检测多巴胺（DA）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）及肾上腺素（E）表达水平。 结果：调查结果显示，1089例男性强制隔离戒毒人员焦虑得分（55.46±18.79）显著性高于中国常模（33.80±5.90），P<0.01；DA、5-HT与DI、NR评分均呈现负相关性，与C评分呈现正相关性；SAS、PANAS得分与DI、NR均呈现正相关性，与DA、5-HT表达水平及C评分均呈现负相关性（P＜0.05）；运动干预前，NANE组DA、5-HT、NE表达均高于AN组和AE组，E表达水平、PANAS、SAS均低于AN组和AE组（P＜0.05），AN组和AE组差异均无显著性意义（P＞0.05）；运动干预后，AE组DA、5-HT表达水平显著性升高，E表达水平及PANAS、SAS评分显著降低（均P＜0.05）。AE组DA、5-HT、E表达水平优于AN组，PANAS、SAS评分明显低于AN组（均P＜0.05）。 结论：中等强度运动可有效改善甲基苯丙胺成瘾焦虑者DA及5-HT的表达水平，缓解焦虑和负性情绪，恢复或提高其心理健康水平，对戒除毒瘾、预防复吸具有正向促进作用。

Abstract:

      Abstract Objective： To explore the effects of moderate-intensity exercise on negative emotions and monoamine neurotransmitters in METH addicts with anxiety symptoms. Method： The selected male METH drug dependent persons in the Bainihu Compulsory Isolation and Rehabilitation Center of Hunan Province who met the inclusion criteria were divided into three groups according to whether they exercised or had anxiety symptoms. Namely： 31 people in the group AN （anxiety and inactivity）， 34 people in the group AE （anxiety and exercise）， and 32 people in the group NANE（no anxiety and inactivity）. The AE group was given a 12-week， 5 times/week， 90 min/time exercise intervention. The AN group and NANE group only received conventional drug treatment and nursing. Before and after exercise intervention， PANAS （Negative Emotion Scale）， SAS （Self-rating Anxiety Scale）， DDQ （Drug Craving Scale） were used to assess mental health and drug craving. The ELISA test was used to detect the expression levels of DA （dopamine）， 5-HT （serotonin）， NE （norepinephrine） and E （epinephrine）. Result： The results showed that the anxiety scores （55.46±18.79） of 1089 male drug addicts under compulsory isolation were significantly higher than the Chinese norm （33.80±5.90） （P<0.01）. The DA and 5-HT were negatively correlated with the DI and NR scores， and positively correlated with C score. The scores of SAS and PANAS were positively correlated with DI and NR， and negatively correlated with DA and 5-HT levels， and C score （P<0.05）. Before exercise intervention， the expressions of DA， 5-HT and NE in the NANE group were higher than those in the AN group and the AE group， and the expression levels of E， PANAS， and SAS were lower than those in the AN group and the AE group （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between the AN group and AE group （P>0.05）. After exercise intervention， the levels of DA and 5-HT in the AE group increased significantly， and the level of E and scores of PANAS and SAS decreased significantly（all P<0.05）. The levels of DA， 5-HT and E in the AE group were better than those in the AN group， and the PANAS and SAS scores were significantly lower than those in the AN group （all P＜0.05）. Conclusion： Moderate-intensity exercise can effectively improve the expression levels of DA and 5-HT, reduce anxiety and negative emotions，restore or improve mental health for methamphetamine-addicted individuals with anxiety. It has a positive effect on quitting drug addiction and preventing relapse.